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- From: tmatimar@empress.com (Ted M A Timar)
- Newsgroups: comp.unix.questions,comp.unix.shell,news.answers
- Subject: Unix - Frequently Asked Questions (7/7) [Frequent posting]
- Supersedes: <unix-faq/faq/part7_723967331@athena.mit.edu>
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- Date: 24 Dec 1992 06:03:00 GMT
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-
- Archive-name: unix-faq/faq/part7
- Version: $Id: part7,v 2.1 92/12/04 07:44:00 tmatimar Exp $
-
- These seven articles contain the answers to some Frequently Asked
- Questions often seen in comp.unix.questions and comp.unix.shell.
- Please don't ask these questions again, they've been answered plenty
- of times already - and please don't flame someone just because they may
- not have read this particular posting. Thank you.
-
- These articles are divided approximately as follows:
-
- 1.*) General questions.
- 2.*) Relatively basic questions, likely to be asked by beginners.
- 3.*) Intermediate questions.
- 4.*) Advanced questions, likely to be asked by people who thought
- they already knew all of the answers.
- 5.*) Questions pertaining to the various shells, and the differences.
- 6.*) An overview of Unix variants.
- 7.*) An comparison of configuration management systems (RCS, SCCS).
-
- This article includes answers to:
-
- 7.1) RCS vs SCCS: Introduction
- 7.2) RCS vs SCCS: How do the interfaces compare?
- 7.3) RCS vs SCCS: What's in a Revision File?
- 7.4) RCS vs SCCS: What are the keywords?
- 7.5) What's an RCS symbolic name?
- 7.6) RCS vs SCCS: How do they compare for performance?
- 7.7) RCS vs SCCS: Version Identification.
- 7.8) RCS vs SCCS: How do they handle with problems?
- 7.9) RCS vs SCCS: Conversion.
- 7.10) RCS vs SCCS: Support
- 7.11) RCS vs SCCS: Command Comparison
- 7.12) RCS vs SCCS: Acknowledgements
- 7.13) Can I get more information on configuration management systems?
-
- If you're looking for the answer to, say, question 7.5, and want to skip
- everything else, you can search ahead for the regular expression "^7.5)".
-
- While these are all legitimate questions, they seem to crop up in
- comp.unix.questions or comp.unix.shell on an annual basis, usually
- followed by plenty of replies (only some of which are correct) and then
- a period of griping about how the same questions keep coming up. You
- may also like to read the monthly article "Answers to Frequently Asked
- Questions" in the newsgroup "news.announce.newusers", which will tell
- you what "UNIX" stands for.
-
- With the variety of Unix systems in the world, it's hard to guarantee
- that these answers will work everywhere. Read your local manual pages
- before trying anything suggested here. If you have suggestions or
- corrections for any of these answers, please send them to to
- tmatimar@empress.com.
-
- 7.1) RCS vs SCCS: Introduction
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- The majority of the replies (in a recent poll) were in favor of
- RCS, a few for SCCS, and a few suggested alternatives such as CVS.
-
- Functionally RCS and SCCS are practically equal, with RCS having
- a bit more features since it continues to be updated.
-
- Note that RCS learned from the mistakes of SCCS...
-
- 7.2) RCS vs SCCS: How do the interfaces compare?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- RCS has an easier interface for first time users. There are less
- commands, it is more intuitive and consistent, and it provides
- more useful arguments.
-
- Branches have to be specifically created in SCCS. In RCS, they
- are checked in as any other version.
-
- 7.3) RCS vs SCCS: What's in a Revision File?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- RCS keeps history in files with a ",v" suffix. SCCS keeps
- history in files with a "s." prefix.
-
- RCS looks for RCS files automatically in the current directory or
- in a RCS subdirectory, or you can specify an alternate RCS file.
- The sccs front end to SCCS always uses the SCCS directory. If
- you don't use the sccs front end, you must specify the full SCCS
- filename.
-
- RCS stores its revisions by holding a copy of the latest version
- and storing backward deltas. SCCS uses a "merged delta"
- concept.
-
- All RCS activity takes place within a single RCS file. SCCS
- maintains several files. This can be messy and confusing.
-
- Editing either RCS or SCCS files is a bad idea because mistakes
- are so easy to make and so fatal to the history of the file.
- Revision information is easy to edit in both types, whereas one
- would not want to edit the actual text of a version in RCS. If
- you edit an SCCS file, you will have to recalculate the checksum
- using the admin program.
-
- 7.4) RCS vs SCCS: What are the keywords?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- RCS and SCCS use different keywords that are expanded in the
- text. For SCCS the keyword "%I%" is replaced with the revision
- number if the file is checked out for reading.
-
- The RCS keywords are easier to remember, but keyword expansion is
- more easily customized in SCCS.
-
- In SCCS, keywords are expanded on a read-only get. If a version
- with expanded keywords is copied into a file that will be
- deltaed, the keywords will be lost and the version information in
- the file will not be updated. On the other hand, RCS retains the
- keywords when they are expanded so this is avoided.
-
- 7.5) What's an RCS symbolic name?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- RCS allows you treat a set of files as a family of files while
- SCCS is meant primarily for keeping the revision history of
- files.
-
- RCS accomplishes that with symbolic names: you can mark all the
- source files associated with an application version with `rcs
- -n', and then easily retrieve them later as a cohesive unit. In
- SCCS you would have to do this by writing a script to write or
- read all file names and versions to or from a file.
-
- 7.6) RCS vs SCCS: How do they compare for performance?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- Since RCS stores the latest version in full, it is much faster in
- retrieving the latest version. After RCS version 5.6, it is also
- faster than SCCS in retrieving older versions.
-
- 7.7) RCS vs SCCS: Version Identification.
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- SCCS is able to determine when a specific line of code was added
- to a system.
-
- 7.8) RCS vs SCCS: How do they handle with problems?
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- If you are missing the sccs or rcs tools, or the RCS or SCCS file
- is corrupt and the tools don't work on it, you can still retrieve
- the latest version in RCS. Not true with SCCS.
-
- 7.9) RCS vs SCCS: Conversion.
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- RCS provides a program to convert from SCCS to RCS. One would
- have to write his own program to convert from RCS to SCCS.
-
- 7.10) RCS vs SCCS: Support
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- SCCS is supported by AT&T. RCS is supported by the Free Software
- Foundation. Therefore RCS runs on many more platforms, including
- PCs.
-
- Most make programs recognize SCCS's "s." prefix while GNU make
- is one of the few that handles RCS's ",v" suffix.
-
- Some tar programs have a -F option that ignores either RCS
- directories, or SCCS directories or both.
-
- 7.11) RCS vs SCCS: Command Comparison
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- SCCS RCS Explanation
- ==== === ===========
-
- sccs admin -i -nfile file ci file Checks in the file
- for the first time,
- creating the revision
- history file.
-
- sccs get file co file Check out a file for
- reading.
-
- sccs edit file co -l file Check out a file for
- modification.
-
- sccs delta file ci file Check in a file
- previously locked.
-
- what file ident file Print keyword
- information.
-
- sccs prs file rlog file Print a history of
- the file.
-
- sccs sccsdiff -rx -ry file rcsdiff -rx -ry file Compare two
- revisions.
-
- sccs diffs file rcsdiff file Compare current with
- last revision.
-
- sccs edit -ix-y file rcsmerge -rx-y file Merge changes between
- two versions into
- file.
-
- ??? rcs -l file Lock the latest
- revision.
-
- ??? rcs -u file Unlock the latest
- revision. Possible
- to break another's
- lock, but mail is
- sent to the other
- user explaining why.
-
- 7.12) RCS vs SCCS: Acknowledgements
-
- Date: Sat, 10 Oct 92 19:34:39 +0200
- From: Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>
-
- I would like to thank the following persons for contributing to
- these articles. I'd like to add your name to the list--please
- send comments or more references to Bill Wohler <wohler@sap-ag.de>.
-
- Karl Vogel <vogel@c-17igp.wpafb.af.mil>
- Mark Runyan <runyan@hpcuhc.cup.hp.com>
- Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
- Greg Henderson <henders@infonode.ingr.com>
- Dave Goldberg <dsg@mbunix.mitre.org>
- Rob Kurver <rob@pact.nl>
- Raymond Chen <rjc@math.princeton.edu>
- Dwight <dwight@s1.gov>
-
- 7.13) Can I get more information on configuration management systems?
-
- Date: Thu Oct 15 10:27:47 EDT 1992
- From: Ted Timar <tmatimar@empress.com>
-
- Bill Wohler, who compiled all of the information in this part of
- the FAQ, has compiled much more information. This information is
- available for ftp from ftp.wg.omron.co.jp (133.210.4.4) under
- "pub/unix-faq/docs/rev-ctl-sys".
-